不一般！聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署夸贊江蘇省環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心
2020-01-14
6月3日，聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署代理執(zhí)行主任喬伊斯?姆蘇亞女士一行來(lái)參加江蘇省“六五環(huán)境日”的”四方對(duì)話(huà) 打一場(chǎng)藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”和“我來(lái)測(cè)一測(cè)”兩個(gè)活動(dòng)期間造訪了江蘇省環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心。前期已經(jīng)對(duì)江蘇省“六五環(huán)境日”有關(guān)活動(dòng)做過(guò)報(bào)道，下面是聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署對(duì)省環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心有關(guān)情況的再次詳細(xì)介紹。
“看，過(guò)來(lái)了一個(gè)?！表樦こ處熕傅姆较颍?一眨眼的功夫，一個(gè)油漆桶大小的真空罐就從天花板上氣動(dòng)管道的這頭穿到了那頭。里面采集的是江蘇數(shù)百個(gè)土壤監(jiān)測(cè)樣點(diǎn)中的一個(gè)。
“Oh, here comes one now,” the engineer says, pointing up. In a blink, a capsule about the size of a paint can has shot across the ceiling in a pneumatic tube. Inside is a sample of soil collected from one of hundreds of monitoring spots across Jiangsu province, on China’s central eastern coast.
真空罐落入類(lèi)似自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)的設(shè)備中，實(shí)驗(yàn)室技術(shù)人員刷卡將其取出。在位于監(jiān)測(cè)中心8樓的實(shí)驗(yàn)室中，他將測(cè)試樣品中是否存在揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物。某些化合物成分復(fù)雜，甚至具有很強(qiáng)的毒性，如果沒(méi)有精密復(fù)雜的儀器設(shè)備，很難檢測(cè)出來(lái)。
The capsule lands in a device like a vending machine, and a lab technician swipes his key card to lift it out. Here on the 8th floor of the Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Centre, he’ll test the sample for the presence of volatile organic compounds. Certain compounds are extremely poisonous and can cause liver, brain and kidney damage. They can also be extremely difficult to detect without complex equipment and processes.
不同的土壤樣品送到中心不同實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物和重金屬等污染物可能通過(guò)工業(yè)污染、受污染的地下水、其他途徑等浸入土壤。該監(jiān)測(cè)中心正致力于研究污染來(lái)源，防止土壤、空氣和水污染對(duì)人類(lèi)健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成威脅。
Other samples of the soil have been delivered throughout the building for other tests. Pollutants such as volatile organic compounds or heavy metals may have found their way into the soil through industrial waste, contaminated groundwater or other methods. The Centre is working to identify and prevent risks to health and the environment from soil, air and water pollution.
氣動(dòng)管道還可以在監(jiān)測(cè)中心綜合樓的11個(gè)樓層間傳輸空氣樣本。相較這種充滿(mǎn)“蒸汽朋克”氣息的氣動(dòng)管道輸送模式，水樣本卻是由一尺多高的自動(dòng)機(jī)器人背運(yùn)的。
The pneumatic tubes also ship the air samples around the 11-floor complex. In contrast to the steampunk conveyance of the tubes, water samples are shuttled around on the backs of autonomous shin-high robots.
土壤實(shí)驗(yàn)室外，一群前來(lái)參觀的學(xué)生無(wú)意間擋住了機(jī)器人的去路，機(jī)器人“不耐煩”地繞開(kāi)人群，緩慢挪步。 突然，它在由擁擠的人群構(gòu)筑的密集大腿障礙物間找到了間隙，颼地一下穿越而過(guò)，繼續(xù)奔馳在大廳內(nèi)運(yùn)送貨物。東張西望的學(xué)生對(duì)機(jī)器人而言完全不是障礙。小機(jī)器人甚至可以獨(dú)自上下樓梯。
Just outside the soil lab, one of them is impatiently trying?to navigate around a visiting group of students who have accidentally blocked its path. The robot inches forward. Suddenly, it sees a gap in the forest of legs and whirs off down the hall to deliver its cargo. Absentminded students are hardly an obstacle. The little robot will even navigate stairs on its own.
機(jī)器人和氣動(dòng)管道不僅僅是新奇事物，更是龐大的自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的一部分，江蘇——這個(gè)全國(guó)人口最密集的省份希望能借助自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)緩解環(huán)境問(wèn)題。
Robots and pneumatic tubes may seem only a novelty, but they are part of a larger system of automation that China’s most densely populated province hopes will help them proactively neutralize environmental problems.
自動(dòng)化絕不是噱頭。江蘇省已花費(fèi)逾8.4億元人民幣（約1.2億美元）用于生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，于2019年初更新先進(jìn)遙感監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備及實(shí)驗(yàn)室儀器設(shè)備。江蘇現(xiàn)已成為全國(guó)首個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)縣、市級(jí)空氣自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)站全覆蓋的省份。全省200多個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)站從各地收集空氣質(zhì)量自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)將用于該省投資近3,000萬(wàn)元人民幣（約430萬(wàn)美元）的監(jiān)測(cè)和分析計(jì)劃，使環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心能夠預(yù)測(cè)空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況，并通過(guò)官網(wǎng)、客戶(hù)端和其他媒體平臺(tái)向公眾發(fā)布每月監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果和每周預(yù)測(cè)。
The automation is anything but a gimmick. Jiangsu has spent over US$120 million (CNY840 million) on retooling their monitoring efforts, rolling out advanced remote sensors and lab equipment in early 2019. Jiangsu is now the first province in China to have automatic air quality monitoring stations in every county and city. Over 200 stations are gathering data from sensors located across the province—even on drones and unmanned ships. This data is fed into a custom US$4.3 million (CNY30 million) monitoring and analysis programme that allows the Centre to predict environmental conditions. They release monthly results and a weekly forecast to the public, available on a website, app and through other media.
“關(guān)于環(huán)境問(wèn)題的討論已進(jìn)行得如火如荼，但采取切實(shí)行動(dòng)才是關(guān)鍵?！甭?lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署代理執(zhí)行主任喬伊斯·姆蘇亞（Joyce Msuya）說(shuō)，“江蘇為環(huán)境和8000萬(wàn)居民的福祉進(jìn)行了大量投資。 這就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，而我們需要更多這樣的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力?！?/strong>
“Talk about the environment has reached a fever pitch, but it’s critical we back this up with action.” said Joyce Msuya, Acting Executive Director of UN Environment. “Here in Jiangsu we have a massive investment in the environment and the well-being of the 80 million people living here. It’s leadership and it’s what we need more of.”
每周預(yù)測(cè)不僅告知公眾，也為政府決策提供支撐。當(dāng)預(yù)測(cè)的空氣污染嚴(yán)重到一定程度時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)布不同級(jí)別的預(yù)警，用不同顏色表示。政府也將啟動(dòng)重污染應(yīng)急措施，控制污染物。 若啟動(dòng)黃色（三級(jí)）預(yù)警，部分公司需要減產(chǎn)減排。若啟動(dòng)（二級(jí)）橙色預(yù)警，部分車(chē)輛將被限行。 在紅色（一級(jí)）預(yù)警下，鋼鐵和水泥廠將停產(chǎn)或限產(chǎn)減排，施工工地停工以減少揚(yáng)塵。
The weekly forecasts don’t only inform the public. They inform government policy. When air quality is forecasted to worsen to a certain level, colour codes are issued and the government implements predetermined controls to rein in pollutants. A specific list of companies may have to reduce production for low-level yellow alerts. At orange, certain vehicles will be prohibited from the roads. In an extreme red code situation, steel and cement plants may have to reduce output or shut down entirely and construction can be halted to reduce dust.
上述最嚴(yán)峻的情況較為罕見(jiàn)。 去年只發(fā)布了少數(shù)黃色和橙色預(yù)警。 即便如此，江蘇省環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心主任程煒并沒(méi)有忽視污染問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。 “空氣污染是擺在全人類(lèi)面前的挑戰(zhàn)?！彼f(shuō)。
These worst-case scenarios are rare. Last year there were only a handful of yellow and orange codes. Even so, Wei Cheng, Director of the Centre, is not dismissive of the problem. “Air pollution is a challenge for all humankind,” he says.
但他對(duì)未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。 “我相信空氣污染和水污染問(wèn)題會(huì)得到改善。 正如習(xí)主席所說(shuō)，未來(lái)是開(kāi)放共享的。?我們需要匯集多方資源來(lái)解決我們面臨的問(wèn)題。 所有國(guó)家都應(yīng)盡最大努力保護(hù)環(huán)境?！?/strong>
But he is hopeful. “I’m confident that air and water pollution will be improved. As President Xi has said, it’s a shared future. We need to pull together resources to tackle this problem we all face. All countries should do their utmost to protect the environment.”
